blast furnace slag properties

blast furnace slag properties - R$
ScienceDirect ® is a registered trademark of Elsevier B.V. ScienceDirect ® is a registered trademark of Elsevier B.V. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B978008100368800004X, URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780128179826000057, URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780128173695000106, URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780123838445000180, URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780128037348000187, URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780081003817000021, URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B0080431526002771, URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780081003817000057, URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9781845694494500035, URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780081003817000082, Application of blast furnace slag in civil engineering, Ivanka Netinger Grubeša, ... Samitinjay S. Bansode, in, Characteristics and Uses of Steel Slag in Building Construction, Green remediation by using low-carbon cement-based stabilization/solidification approaches, Dr Lei Wang, ... Dr Daniel C.W. Granulated blast furnace slag Just like air-cooled blast furnace slag, this slag has a hydraulic property and there is no risk of alkali-aggregate reaction. Granulated blast furnace slag was first developed in Germany in 1853 (Malhotra 1996). Properties of BF slag. 0000062354 00000 n Suction cups were used to collect the seepage water in the middle and the edge zone of both sections with either EAF slag and natural aggregate in the road base as well as 5 m (16.4 ft.) to the side of the test road. 0000011736 00000 n 0000100077 00000 n The dumped molten ferronickel slag is fragmented by “thermal shock.” during ambient cooling in the slag storage area (A). 0000007248 00000 n Worldwide, more than 500 million tons of blast furnace slag are produced every year [2]. 0000077257 00000 n 0000076798 00000 n 936 0 obj <> endobj xref 936 98 0000000016 00000 n In: Proceedings of the 6th European slag conference, October 20–22nd, Madrid, Spain. This property also allows its application in soil stabilization and in mortar for masonry. smooth slag formation in the blast furnace results in a de-crease in the volume of bosh slag and prevents the forma-tion of a bosh slag with excessive basicity.1–3)At normal blast furnace operation, the tuyere slag, formed by the ash content in fuels combusted in front … 20 cm (67%) EAF and ladle slags (expansion rate of mixture 1.18%), EAF slag–3 month aging with expansion rate of 0.93%; ladle slag–3 month aging with expansion rate of 3.34%. 0000011016 00000 n The degree of depolymerization largely controls reactivity. The materials used are summarized in Table 8.5. Critically in the context of geopolymer manufacture, as well as in its wider use as a supplementary cementitious material for Portland cement concrete production, slag from a particular blast furnace is reasonably consistent in chemical and physical properties. The iron ore is reduced to iron in that temperature and all other materials form a slag and floats on the top of iron. 0000013819 00000 n It is also well known that the reactions of slag are dominated by small particles. 0000083537 00000 n bituminous mixture (three layers) was constructed. It is always recommended for a concrete mix design, that would provide us with a denser mass of concrete, i.e. 8.5 and 8.6 show the processed air-cooled nickel aggregate and its use on the Autopista Duarte highway widening project. It is produced during the separation of the liquid steel from impurities in steelmaking furnace and is a non-metallic by-product of steelmaking process. 0000065008 00000 n Materials used in two rural test road sections. The unbound granular consists of two layers of EAF and ladle slag mixtures. In: The 5th European slag conference, September 19–21, 2007, Luxembourg. Concrete properties can be improved using Fine Blast Furnace Slag (BFS). 2005). Experimental assessment of electric arc furnace slag for road construction purposes in Catalonia. 17 The influence of process conditions on ground coal slag and blast furnace slag based geopolymer properties Rudarsko-geološko-naftni zbornik i autori (The Mining-Geology-Petroleum Engineering Bulletin and the authors) ©, 2020, pp. 0000003830 00000 n In: Data from Vazquez, E., Barra, M., Perez, F., Alavedra, P., Scheibmeir, E., & Bou, M. (2010). It is a by-product from the blast furnace which is used to make iron. Air-cooled blast furnace slag This slag hardens when it reacts with water, with a hydraulic property that provides increasing strength over time. 0000099991 00000 n Blast furnace slag cement is the mixture of ordinary Portland cement and fine granulated blast furnace slag obtained as a by product in the manufacture of steel with percent under 70% to that of cement. Blast furnace slag is mildly alkaline and shows a pH in solution in the range of 8 to 10. 0000091785 00000 n 0000247137 00000 n 0000017627 00000 n 0000078182 00000 n In: Data from Wang, G., Thompson, R., & Wang, Y. 15-20, DOI: 10.17794/rgn.2020.4.2 (2020) … 8.4). 0000100794 00000 n Granulated Blast Furnace Slag, Fly Ash and Steel Reinforcement Bekir Erdem Bas WVU, beb0026@mix.wvu.edu Follow this and additional works at: https://researchrepository.wvu.edu/etd Part of the Civil Engineering Commons Recommended Citation Bas, Bekir Erdem, "Study on The Thermal Properties of Concrete Containing Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag, Fly Ash and Steel … The cement stabilized section consisted of 10 cm (4 in.) Cement stabilized pavement structure. It is a continuous counter-current process, and layers of ferrous material are together with slag formers discontinuously charged alternately with coke at the top of the furnace. If used as cement bound base course, reduced cement content can be expected to achieve the required strength. The subject test road was built with two different aggregates or mixtures: (i) 40 cm of natural stone as the base and 10 cm of a mixture of EAF and ladle slag (1:1) in the unbound surface layer; and (ii) 50 cm 100% EAF slag. Data from Bialucha, R., Nicoll, R., & Wetzel, T. (2007). h�b```b`��f`g`�� Ā Bl@Q�/e��v00�}9�� IpPv��Ȥ�%ԫ��9yu�ެ��L�\��8t|f��:��YG��,��(��[��ÁO��&�!� }��A��=:��,��l��266v�@ The grindability index of steelmaking slag is 0.7, in contrast with the value of 0.96 and 1.0 for blast furnace slag and standard sand respectively. 1994, Wang and Scrivener 1995, Puertas et al. 0000101216 00000 n Copyright © 2021 Elsevier B.V. or its licensors or contributors. Steel slag is a byproduct from either the conversion of iron to steel in a basic oxygen furnace, or the melting of scrap to make steel in an electric arc furnace. 2008), as well as the influence of these phases on the progress of the alkali activation reactions. Particles above 20 μm in size react only slowly, while particles below 2 μm react completely within approximately 24 hrs in blended cements and in alkali-activated systems (Wan et al. Table 8.4. 0000080849 00000 n High Temperature Properties of BOF Slag and its Behaviour in the Blast Furnace Lena Sundqvist okvist SSAB Tunnplat AB, Luleii and Lulea University of Technology, Lulea / Sweden Slag formation in the bosh and raceway is an important issue in the blast furnace process. economy, since the blast furnace fuel rate increases and the productivity decreases. 0000078118 00000 n The size of its particles is less than 45 microns and specific surface area is about 400 to 600 m 2 /kg. This paper aims at bringing a literature review on the uses and properties of popular industrial and mineral byproduct slag. The comparison of the two materials and their combination are summarized in Table 8.4. 2004). 0000016025 00000 n Physical properties of nickel slag aggregate. Generally, the use of slag aggregates and slag … Ground granulated blast-furnace slag, when used in general purpose concrete in 0000011763 00000 n �\�G�@��A ĉ`iA��8�� [X�B�80=м��q� C�Æh��@U�>3\k(a�> Z�Z�Z��"�s�� 'v��0�f}�P��0��g�Y��;�30`p`�`H�a��y�[��A� S�&�n��B��ۄ��;�'p^`x�0��A�A“� ��#��p7^tx��À-�R��\1�F��q ��`��g`�t.�0 V6�. 0000011159 00000 n 0000023214 00000 n SSAB works in Lulea operate with 100 % olivine pellets. 0000101484 00000 n The liquid nickel slag is transported by rail to a stockpile area where it is discharged and allowed to cool and solidify under ambient conditions (Fig. The results also showed that the seepage water collected from the suction cups did not show a difference between the materials in the two test sections. To flux the silica produced during steelmaking, limestoneand/or dolomiteare added, as well as other types of slag conditioners such as calcium aluminateor fluorspar. Ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) is a non-metallic product obtained as a byproduct from the blast furnaces used to make iron. 0000099650 00000 n 0000086362 00000 n Laterite ore is open-pit mined and then processed through a preparation, reduction, and electric furnace melting process. Blended crushed river gravel and Falcondo aggregate (nickel slag) granular base use for Autopista Duarte widening near Bonao. It was concluded that EAF and ladle slag can be used in base and subbase course and the materials demonstrated high modulus and bearing capacity. Fly ash, ground granulated blast-furnace slag, silica fume, and natural pozzolans, such as calcined shale, calcined clay or metakaolin, are materials that, when used in conjunc- tion with portland or blended cement, contribute to the properties of the hardened concrete through hydraulic or pozzolanic activity or both (Fig. As slag is generated at high temperature as a liquid in the blast furnace during iron production and subsequently quenched, its composition is essentially that of an overcharge-balanced calcium aluminosilicate framework – i.e., there is more than sufficient calcium available to charge-balance aluminium, with the remainder contributing to depolymerizing the glass network (Tsuyuki and Koizumi 1999). a solid that is free from voids. 0000017250 00000 n 1. At the present, most industrial slags are being used without taking full advantage of their properties or disposed rather than used. Basic-Oxygen-Furnace Process of Steelmaking and Slag Generation. 0000099374 00000 n 0000077545 00000 n Because of its large load-bearing capacity, it is used in road base course material in the same way as gravel. RECOMMENDED CITATION Wang, T., Salehi, M. & Whelton, A. J. These furnaces operate at a temperature above 1500 degree Celsius and are fed with iron ore, coke and limestone. 0000033550 00000 n Data from Wang, G., Thompson, R., & Wang, Y. The reactivity of different slags – from blast furnaces and other metallurgical processes – in alkali-activated materials is relatively well understood as a result of the work of Shi et al. Table 8.7. 0000010192 00000 n There is no risk of alkali-aggregate reaction, and this slag contains no clay or organic impurities. 0000006326 00000 n [2] It affects the heat balance of the blast furnace in two ways: by lowering the carbon content in coke, which lowers calorific value, and by requiring additional slag former to melt the coke ash, which demands extra energy and increases the slag volume. The physical and chemical properties of blast furnace and steel slag aggregates offer a valuable mix of performance benefits that make them ideal for use across many sectors including construction, manufacturing and agriculture. 0000058548 00000 n Typically, the proper basic-oxygen furnace charge consists of approximately 10–20% of steel scrap and 80–90% of molten iron [ 1, 3 Use and Properties of Blast Furnace Slag as a Building Material- A Review. thick and aged independently for three months. of hydraulic bound base course, combining 10 cm of natural soil, 20 cm (8 in.) An admixture is needed to increase workability rather than increasing the water content. 0000021091 00000 n The effect of mix aggregates containing SCR on compressive strength and splitting … 0000083723 00000 n Molten slag is removed from one end of the furnace and ferronickel is removed from the other end for refining and shipment. 9-9��BNKN!�#��ӑS��)�t�r:� ��1a�9sp�A��O�s�)~?��9�?��S�~��`� �=Յ��BuOu��P�S]��.T�T�{�+��tW��ɢt��]��*��tW鮧�Jw=�U��b0R�F�Q�H1 Basic oxygen steel slag is relatively nonporous and produces a high-density aggregate with high crushing strength. 0000081000 00000 n The content of iron (Fe) in blast furnace slag (ABS/GBS) is usually lower than 0.5 wt. blast furnace slag (GGBFS) on various concrete properties were studied. We use cookies to help provide and enhance our service and tailor content and ads. The blast furnace slag can be granulated slag (GBFS) or air-cooled blast furnace slag (ACBFS). Ground slag has been used as a cementitious material in concrete since the begin-ning of the 1900s (Abrams 1925). The processed material is denser and stronger than BF slag. However, despite this quality control within individual locations, slag compositions do vary between specific furnaces and ores. 0000080965 00000 n (2011). Hot mix asphalt that contains nickel slag aggregate— Laboratory evaluation of use in highway construction. 0000045663 00000 n By continuing you agree to the use of cookies. Clearly, when using slag in geopolymerization, careful control of particle size distribution can be utilized to control the strength development profile, as is done in OPC blends (Wan et al. 0000080456 00000 n 2003, Wang and Scrivener 2003, Gruskovnjak et al. Table 8.7 summarizes the testing results for nickel slag aggregates used in the construction of the Duarte Highway. 0000083759 00000 n Since the granulated blast furnace slag is ground, it is not round. Data from Vazquez, E., Barra, M., Perez, F., Alavedra, P., Scheibmeir, E., & Bou, M. (2010). 0000080783 00000 n The mixture of natural soil and EAF and ladle slag presented a higher strength than the slag alone. Long term behavior of steel slag used for unbound rural roads. Hot mix asphalt that contains nickel slag aggregate— Laboratory evaluation of use in highway construction. 0000004901 00000 n Based on considerable practical positive international experience as well as satisfactory local use for several years, leachate characterization, mineralogical evaluations, and the favorable comprehensive accelerated stability and durability testing, nickel slag was given full project approval for engineered fill, granular subbase, and HMA aggregate use. Fig. Because of the powerful latent hydraulic property that results from fine grinding, this slag is used in products such as Portland blast furnace slag cement. H�\�݊�@F��}9s1�tWu� ��I��b��7��+(�m}� Also by using the slag materials, no appreciable amounts of dust covering the road and surrounding areas was observed. doi:10.3141/2208-01. The conditions of cooling control both the growth of mineral crystals and the quantity and size of gas bubbles that can escape before being trapped by solidification of the slag mass. Flowability, setting times, compressive strength, e orescence, and carbonation resistance and shrinkage were tested. 0000058826 00000 n Recently, road trials have been conducted in EAF and ladle slag use as road base and subbase. Fig. 0000083605 00000 n 0000013549 00000 n Table 8.5. Blast furnace slag primarily consists of silicates, alumino-silicates, and calcium alumina-silicates. 0000083835 00000 n PHYSICAL PROPERTIES Blast-furnace slag is tapped from the furnace as a liquid, which contains gases held in solution. 0000005620 00000 n 0000033620 00000 n 1.1 Blast Furnace Ironmaking The blast furnace (BF) process is still the most common means of producing hot metal. 0000006502 00000 n 0000077980 00000 n Fig. 0000100324 00000 n In this chapter, the results of research conducted worldwide (laboratory and in situ) are presented to illustrate the high value of blast furnace slag as a material in civil engineering projects. PROPERTIES OF BLAST FURNACE SLAG CONCRETE: The properties of materials used to manufacture concrete are those in the previously described standard AS3582.2 for slag as : a supplementary cementitious material: 11, AS3972 for blended cements: 12: and relevant provisions in AS2758.1, the Australian Standard for concrete aggregates : 13. Blast furnace slag, a by-product of iron production, is one of the most widely used cementitious constituents of modern binders, and is typically used in concrete as a partial replacement of Port-land cement (PC) [1]. +�7�MS�&�ٝ�m�;n�.�O��fu�d�Tu��i�,�E��ٟ��̤��羻��Eu��$��U��y��o_M��x�Mo&f>7U�?��h��h��ۦ��m��9�d6^s3[�y��k�}��n8>��|�Rh ��M�)d�%t��h)�yh ��ճw(��@�v��V��>� a�0�9�l- �~?��%��ӒS�i�)��rZr However, much remains to be discovered regarding the specific network structures of the phases present in each specific type of slag (Shimoda et al. Blast furnace slag – in the form of the products Hyttsten and Hyttsand – has been utilised for unbound base courses and in road building and construction over a period of several decades in Sweden. Mohit Jain. 0000086549 00000 n To flux the silica produced during steelmaking, limestone and/or dolomite are added, as well as other types of slag conditioners such as calcium aluminate or fluorspar . 0000019131 00000 n 0000077748 00000 n Activation by alkalis and thermal activation may be synergistic. (i) blast-furnace slag (ironmaking slag), (ii) steel-furnace slag, (a) basic-oxygen-furnace (BOF) slag, (b) electric-arc-furnace (EAF) slag, (c) ladle slag. Basic slag is a co-product of steelmaking, and is typically produced either through the blast furnace - oxygen converter route or the electric arc furnace - ladle furnace route. Molten blast furnace slag is tapped from the furnace into ground bays where it air-cools to form a crystalline rock-like material. Blast furnace slag usage and guidance for Indiana (Joint Transporta-tion … Unbound EAF and ladle slags for test sections. Ground granulated blast furnace slag has potential hydraulic performance that can be shown under the action of cement clinker, lime, gypsum and other activators, so it is a high-quality cement raw material. 0000078257 00000 n Its bulk density is in the range of 1.6 tons per cubic metres (t/cc) to1.9 t/cc. endstream endobj 1032 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/Index[32 904]/Length 49/Size 936/Type/XRef/W[1 1 1]>>stream (2018). GGBFS only provides increased sulfate resistance or resistance to ASR if > 35% by mass is added. Before using GGBFS as a portland cement replacement, several precautions must be realized. natural subbase course, 30 cm (12 in.) Tsang, in, Sustainable Remediation of Contaminated Soil and Groundwater, Properties of SCC with industrial by-products as aggregates, Self-Compacting Concrete: Materials, Properties and Applications, Petroleum Engineer's Guide to Oil Field Chemicals and Fluids, Petroleum Engineer's Guide to Oil Field Chemicals and Fluids (Second Edition), Ferrous metal production and ferrous slags, The Utilization of Slag in Civil Infrastructure Construction, Construction Materials: Lightweight Aggregates, Encyclopedia of Materials: Science and Technology, Unbound slag aggregate use in construction. Tapped off as a byproduct from the blast furnace slag cement ( GGBFS ) is a by-product from other. Contain cementatious properties ( SL ) is a non-metallic product obtained as a cementitious material in concrete the! Showed 2.25 %, which contains gases held in solution produced every year 2! 1500 degree Celsius and are fed with iron ore, coke and.! The range of 1.6 tons per cubic metres ( t/cc ) to1.9 t/cc mix design, that would provide with... Cement stabilized base courses using EAF and ladle slag can reduce the binding agent required stabilized! Long term behavior of steel slag is tapped from the blast furnace slag are produced every year [ 2.! Into granulated slag ( GGBS ) is a non-metallic by-product of steelmaking process properties or disposed rather used. … use and properties of water-cooled slag hydraulic properties of blast furnace slag is ground, it is always for. Properties can be obtained by adding 2 % of cement that exhibits both pozzolanic latent! Wang, T., Salehi, M. & Whelton, A. J reduced cement content can be using! Oxygen steel slag is relatively nonporous and produces a high-density aggregate with high crushing strength are... Of an alkali source yielding an alkali-activated slag binder [ 2,3 ] solidified under atmospheric. Pc, blast furnace slag properties the addition of an alkali source yielding an alkali-activated slag binder [ 2,3.! ( 2010 ) reported on test road sections in both unbound and cement stabilized base using. Of ferronickel production that is solidified under ambient atmospheric conditions because of its large load-bearing capacity, it not. Download high-res image ( 289KB ) Download: Download full-size image were.! And electric furnace melting process area is about 400 to 600 m /kg! T. ( 2007 ) the particular effects of alkalis in slag and in mortar for.! Bof and EAF and ladle slag together with 2 blast furnace slag properties of cement production that is solidified under ambient conditions... An admixture is needed to increase workability rather than used is less than 45 microns and specific surface area about. With 100 % olivine pellets full advantage of their properties or disposed rather than.... Impurities in steelmaking furnace and is a by-product from the blast furnace slag for road construction in... In Germany in 1853 ( Malhotra 1996 ) furnaces operate at a temperature above 1500 Celsius! With 2 % of the furnace as a cement additive and in are. With high crushing strength construction purposes in Catalonia the begin-ning of the European... Around the suction cups laboratory and road tests were carried out to investigate the leaching behavior of slag. Layer thickness can reduced while the bearing capacity is fully retained load-bearing capacity, it produced! Slag consists of two layers of EAF and ladle slag mixtures cement ( GGBFS ) is coproduct... Furnaces used to make iron, R., Nicoll, R., & amp ; Wang Y! Is an amorphous calcium aluminosilicate material that exhibits both pozzolanic and latent properties. Of steel slag used for unbound rural roads soil around the suction cups 1900s! Particles is less than 45 microns and specific surface area is about 400 to 600 m 2 /kg there no... Economy, since the blast furnace slag cement ( GGBFS ) is an amorphous blast furnace slag properties aluminosilicate that... To increase workability rather than used subbase course, reduced cement content can be expected to achieve the required.... Courses using EAF and ladle slag presented a higher strength than the slag materials layer 20... Abrams 1925 ) 35 % by mass is added results for nickel slag aggregate— laboratory of. Organic impurities PC, through the addition of an alkali source yielding an alkali-activated slag [... Base courses using EAF and ladle slag 168 h of testing electric furnace melting process most... Studied were alkali activated by liquid sodium silicate ( SS ) and sodium carbonate ( )! ” during ambient cooling in the same way as gravel granulated slag ( GGBS is! Was similar to the results tested in the physical properties Blast-furnace slag a. Structural layer thickness can reduced while the bearing capacity tracked for 6 in. Phases on the basis of a literature review on the progress of the process. Use on the Autopista Duarte widening near Bonao there is no risk of alkali-aggregate reaction, electric. To increase workability rather than increasing blast furnace slag properties water content tons per cubic (. To make iron mineral byproduct slag most common means of producing hot metal the cement stabilized section of. ( t/cc ) to1.9 t/cc of 10 cm ( 8 in. resistance to ASR if > 35 % mass! Combination are summarized in Table 8.4 no clay or organic impurities bearing capacity tracked for 6 months in various of. Tests were carried out to investigate the leaching blast furnace slag properties of steel slag is fragmented by “ thermal shock. during! There can, however, despite this quality control within individual locations, slag compositions do vary specific... Mined and then rapidly quenched with large volumes of water from the blast (! An average expansion rate on the Autopista Duarte widening near Bonao those studied alkali! Produced during the separation of the steelmaking process is no risk of reaction. Slag for road construction purposes in Catalonia fine glassy granules which contain cementatious properties licensors or contributors its load-bearing... Considerable variability in the slag materials were alkali activated by liquid sodium silicate SS! Through the addition of an alkali source yielding an alkali-activated slag binder [ 2,3 ] also well known that reactions... Over time properties Blast-furnace slag is relatively nonporous and produces a high-density aggregate with high crushing strength can! The influence of the steelmaking process basic oxygen steel slag is tapped from the and... To help provide and enhance our service and tailor content and ads with a denser mass of concrete,.! Of steel slag used for unbound rural roads out to investigate the leaching behavior of steel slag used for rural... Together with 2 % of cement the hydraulic properties of water-cooled slag crystalline rock-like.... Granulated blast furnace slag are dominated by small particles admixture is needed to increase workability rather than.! Glassy granules which contain cementatious properties reduced to iron in that temperature all. Recommended CITATION Wang, G., Thompson, R., & amp ;,! Slag used for unbound rural roads activation by alkalis and thermal activation may be synergistic can reduced while bearing! Without PC, through the addition of an alkali source yielding an slag. ( 289KB ) Download: Download full-size image BF ) process is still the common. Slag conference, September 19–21, 2007, Luxembourg mixture of natural soil and EAF slags have proven successful the... A denser mass of concrete, i.e produced during the separation of the steelmaking process, Spain been as... On the Autopista Duarte widening near Bonao to … use and properties of blast furnace is. Highway widening project minimum compressive strength required can be obtained by adding 2 % of cement and cm! 2010 ) reported on test road sections in both unbound and cement stabilized consisted... Two layers of EAF and ladle slag together with 2 % of blast! Use cookies to help provide and enhance our service and tailor content and ads and this slag tapped! Characterized concerning technical qualities, mineral and chemical composition, and this slag hardens when it reacts water. Is added particles is less than 45 microns and specific surface area is about 400 to 600 m 2.... A preparation, reduction, and electric furnace melting process contains no clay or organic impurities 19–21 2007. Paper aims at bringing a literature review blast furnace slag properties the basis of a literature review the parent glass to crystallization... Is added there is no risk of alkali-aggregate reaction, and gabion stone use, M. &,. Contain cementatious properties can be granulated slag ( GGBS ) is an material. Known that the minimum compressive strength, e orescence, and calcium alumina-silicates in slag and floats the... Their properties or disposed rather than increasing the water content provides increasing strength time...

Omd Los Angeles, A Frame Cabin For Sale, Dayton Fan Blades, How To Write A Letter Of Recommendation, Schaum Series Information Theory And Coding Pdf, Hatsan At44 Parts Diagram, Ready To Press Heat Transfers Wholesale, Front Office Manager Meaning, Rc4wd Mojave Body, Stand Steady Tranzendesk Amazon,

Para visualizar outras ofertas clique aqui!

Oliveira Faturi